http://www.universityworldnews.com/article.php?story=20100424180813702CHINA: Universities fail to tackle plagiarism
中国的大学未能处理剽窃
Yojana Sharma
25 April 2010
China's universities are failing to crack down on plagiarism despite an unprecedented education ministry circular sent to them a year ago making them responsible for investigating and dealing with rampant cheating.
尽管一年前中国教育部下达了一份前所未见的通知，要求各高校自己调查处理猖獗的学术欺骗，但各大学还是无法制裁学术剽窃。
A number of high-profile cases have only come to light thanks to outspoken campaigners such as Fang Shimin* with his popular literary New Threads website written under his pseudonym Fang Zhouzi and used to highlight academic fraud.
幸亏有了敢于直言的反伪斗士方是民，一些后来引起广泛关注的案件才得以曝光。方是民用笔名方舟子创办了文学网站“新语丝”（英文博客“中国学术诚信关注”做相应的报道），并将其作为揭露学术欺诈的平台。
Rather than being rooted out by the universities themselves, individuals report cases of plagiarism to online forums or the New Threads blog, which are then rigorously followed up and checked by Fang, a US-educated biochemist.
很多人都把剽窃案件公布在互联网论坛上或者报告给新语丝，而不是交由校方自己来清除。方舟子，一位曾在美国接受教育的生物学家，则会严谨地加以跟踪和调查。
But of more than 900 cases of academic corruption highlighted by Fang in recent years, just 20 have resulted in punishment by universities. Most involve students rather than academics, Fang said.
但在方舟子近年来所揭露的九百余起学术腐败案件当中，仅有二十起以大学给与惩处收场。惩罚的大多是学生而非学者，方舟子说道。
The majority of plagiarism and fraud cases recently exposed have been in the sciences. But readers of a Chinese cultural magazine Granite Studio have been avidly following a major literary plagiarism case where Nanjing University literature
professor Wang Binbin accused Professor Wang Hui at the prestigious Qinghua University in Beijing of stealing from other works without citation.
近年来被曝光的剽窃和欺诈案件主要集中在科学领域。但是一本中国文化杂志《读书》的读者们却更积极地关注一起重要的文学剽窃案件——南京大学中文系教授王彬彬指责汪晖，来自备受尊崇的北京清华大学的教授，从其他人的作品中抄袭而不加任何引用说明。
Academics say that what is interesting about this case is that the spat was brought into the open by Wang Binbin himself, rather than being by bloggers and other whistleblowers on the internet.
学者们认为在这起案件里有意思的地方是王彬彬本人把争吵公之于众，而不是其他什么写博客的人或网上的揭发者。
According to the Nandu Times, a daily newspaper which broke the story, actual instances of criticising someone by name are rarely seen.
据《南方都市报》（?）——最早爆出这一案件的一份日报说，指名道姓地批评的例子实在罕见。
The accusation relate to Wang Hui's dissertation on the classic Chinese literary giant Lu Xun, published while he was a doctoral student at Nanjing University in 1985 and later published as a book. This indicates that the decades-old dispute is being allowed into the open by the authorities to test how far to allow plagiarism accusations to be aired without jeopardising a university's reputation.
这起指控所涉及汪晖的关于中国文学巨匠鲁迅的博士论文发表于1985年，汪当时还是南京大学一名博士生；此后该文出版成书。这说明相关当局默许公开陈年旧案用以测试在不妨害高校名誉的的情况下，抄袭指控能公开追溯到什么时候。
The Wang Binbin vs Wang Hui dispute is seen as a test case, in part because it does not relate to high-profile scientific research that has the potential to undermine China's international standing.
王彬彬和汪晖之间的争议可以被视为一起试验性质的案件，部分原因是它和引人注目的科学研究无关。而后者出了问题则有可能损害中国的国际形象。
Even so, in an indication of the sensitive nature of plagiarism accusations against academics, Nandu Times reporters found that some posts on the dispute in internet forums had been deleted and replaced with a message that was clearly intended to mislead: "Academic circles have already clarified this issue," unofficial translations from the newspaper widely circulating
on the internet state.
即便如此，意识到对学者剽窃指控的敏感性，南都记者发现在互联网论坛中一些有关此次争议的帖子被删除了，而取而代之的是有明显误导企图的消息：“学界内部已经澄清了这个问题。”——从报纸上断章取义而来，却在互联网上广为流传。
Another unusual aspect of the Wang vs Wang case is that other academics have openly weighed in to side with one or other of the two academics involved.
王汪一案中的另一个不同寻常之处是其他学者公开地在两人之中选择“站队”。
Zhao Zhinghua, a professor at a state-run think-tank, the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, was quoted as claiming that Wang Binbin's examples of supposed plagiarism were "quotations with non-standard citations".
来自国家智囊中国社科院的赵正华（？）教授放言汪晖所涉嫌的指控是“引用不当”。
"That is a problem of technique, not a moral question of plagiarism," Zhao said.
赵说：“这是技术问题，而不是学术道德问题。”
The Chinese Academy of Social Sciences recently told the Nandu Times that it "often encounters cases of plagiarism".
社科院还告诉《南》其经常遇到剽窃案件。
The academic plagiarism problem was attributed to the lack of consensus in China over 'academic standards', or what constituted plagiarism. Some academics even argued that adopting Western standards would "limit academic freedom", the newspaper said.
中国的学术剽窃问题被归咎于没有“学术规范”的共识，或者说剽窃的成立要件是什么？据《南》报道，甚至有学者认为采用西方的标准会“限制学术自由”。
Another problem is that academics lack the formal and rigorous peer review process in place in Western institutions, the Times said.
《南》说，另一个问题是学术界缺乏西方研究机构采用的正式的、严格的同行评议。
After a spate of sackings a few years ago, there appeared to be little stomach for action against academic plagiarism by university authorities in recent years.
几年前突如其来的一阵解雇风之后，各高校当局这几年来似乎再也没有兴趣采取行动防止学术剽窃。
But in March this year, Li Liansheng from Xi'an Jiaotong University was sacked after six of his colleagues repeatedly posted letters to the university and on the internet highlighting that the area in which Li had published was not within his area of expertise of energy studies.
但在今年三月，西安交通大学的李连生在遭到六位同事反复举报之后被校方解聘。他们连续向校方写信并在网上揭露李在申报奖励中所列成果根本不属于其研究范围，全系假冒。
Using their real names, the six professors exposed some 30 examples of Li plagiarising the works of others. At first they were rebuked by the university and it was more than two years after their first complaint that Li was finally sacked.
这六位教授使用真名揭露李假冒他人成果多达三十起。最初他们被校方指责，直到距第一次举报两年后李才最终被解聘。
Universities rarely enforce the rules, according to academics in China. Fang said the country has never taken plagiarism seriously. Even when academics were implicated, many institutions turned a blind eye, rather than lose a high-profile researcher who could bring in international funding.
根据中国的学者的说法，各大学很少执行规范。方舟子说中国从来没有严肃对待过剽窃。即使剽窃牵扯到学术方面，很多机构也是熟视无睹置若罔闻，不愿意因为严肃处理而失去一位广受瞩目、能带来国际支持的当事人。
Concerned about China's international reputation in science in particular, it was only after complaints by the British-based medical journal The Lancet about faked scientific results and complaints by other Western academics, that the education ministry issued its first circular to universities to deal with academic plagiarism, including taking legal action and sacking perpetrators.
考虑到中国的国际声誉，尤其是科学声誉，所以在英国著名的医学杂志《柳叶刀》批评中国科研造假以及其他西方学界发出批评之后，中国教育部才下达了第一份要求各高校处理学术剽窃的通知，要求采取包括法律手段和开除诈欺者。
The circular issued in March last year ordered universities to set up workshops for faculty and students to "improve their awareness of academic discipline".
这份去年三月发布的通知还要求各高校为师生开设研讨班来“提高对学术规范的认识”。
"These measures are intended to build up a long-term prevention mechanism to keep the academic field 'clean'," said Xu Mei, a ministry spokeswoman, said at the time.
教育部的女发言人胥梅（？）当时解释说：“这些措施是为了保持学术界的“洁净”而用来建立一种长期预防机制的。”
Three years ago, the Ministry for Science and Technology established an Office of Scientific Research Integrity yet not a single case has been investigated, according to Fang. He believes the rules drawn up by the ministries are unlikely to be enforced.
三年前，中国科技部建立了一个科学研究诚信办公室，但迄今没有处理过一起学术不端行为，方舟子说。他认为教育部草拟的这些规范也不太可能执行。
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